Ukuqokelelwa kwegazi yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kwimimiselo yokunakekelwa kwempilo, inceda ekuxilongweni, ukubeka iliso, kunye nokunyangwa kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ekuneneisixhobo sokuqokelela igaziidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo ngelixa unciphisa ukungahambi kakuhle kwesigulane. Eli nqaku liphonononga izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqokelelwa kwegazi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizicwangciso zeklinikhi kunye nezaselebhu, kubandakanywa iinaliti kunye neesirinji, i-lancets, iityhubhu zokuqokelela igazi, iingxowa zokuqokelela igazi, kunye neenaliti zebhabhathane. Siza kuxubusha ukusetyenziswa kwazo, iingenelo, kunye nesizathu sokuba zikhethwa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
1. Iinaliti kunye neesirinji
Ukusetyenziswa:
Iinaliti kunye neesirinji zezinye zezona zixhobo ziqhelekileyo zokuqokelela igazi ezisetyenziswa kukhathalelo lwempilo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa i-venipuncture (ukutsala igazi kwi-vein). Isirinji ifakwe kwinaliti, ethi ifakwe kumthambo wesigulane ukuqokelela isampuli.
Izinto eziluncedo:
Ukufumaneka ngokubanzi: Azibizi kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa.
Ubukhulu obahlukeneyo: Iisirinji ziza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo, nto leyo ezenza zilungele ukuqokelela igazi okwahlukileyo.
Ukuchaneka: Ivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo kumthamo wegazi eliqokelelweyo.
I-Versatility: Ingasetyenziselwa zombini ukuqokelela igazi kunye neenjongo zokutofa.
Ukungakhululeki: Ubungakanani benaliti kunye nobuchule bunokulungiswa ukunciphisa intlungu.
2. Iilancets
Ukusetyenziswa:
IiLancets zizixhobo ezincinci, ezibukhali ezisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela igazi le-capillary, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwincam yomnwe okanye isithende kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwi-glucose, kodwa zingasetyenziselwa ezinye iimvavanyo ezifuna umthamo omncinci wegazi.
Izinto eziluncedo:
Umthamo wegazi omncinci: Ulungele uvavanyo olufuna kuphela ithontsi okanye amabini egazi (umzekelo, uvavanyo lweglucose).
Ukusebenziseka ngokulula: Kulula ukusebenza ngoqeqesho oluncinci olufunekayo.
Ukuthuthuzela: Iilancets ziyilelwe ukunciphisa ukungonwabi kwesigulana, ngakumbi kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olufana nokujongwa kweglucose yegazi.
Iziphumo ezikhawulezayo: Iluncedo kwiimvavanyo zokhathalelo olubonelela ngeziphumo ezikhawulezileyo.
3. Imibhobho yoQokelelo lweGazi
Ukusetyenziswa:
Iityhubhu zokuqokelelwa kwegazi, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba zii-vacutainers, zityhubhu zeglasi okanye zeplastiki ezisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela igazi kwi-venipuncture. Zitywinwe ngesithinteli serabha kwaye zihlala zinezongezo ezithile
(umzekelo, ii-anticoagulants, i-clot activators) ukuthintela ukujiya okanye ukugcina isampulu kude kube uvavanyo.
Izinto eziluncedo:
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezongezo: Zifumaneka kunye nezongezo ezahlukeneyo ukuze zihambelane novavanyo oluthile (umzekelo, i-EDTA yovavanyo lwe-hematology, i-sodium citrate yezifundo zokudibanisa).
Ikhuselekile kwaye ikhuselekile: Isitywina sevacuum siqinisekisa inani elichanekileyo legazi elitsalwayo kwaye linciphisa ukuvezwa kwegazi.
Iimvavanyo ezininzi: Ingqokelela enye inokubonelela ngegazi elaneleyo kwiimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo.
4. Iingxowa zokuqokelelwa kwegazi
Ukusetyenziswa:
Iingxowa zokuqokelela igazi zisetyenziswa ngokuyintloko kwiminikelo yegazi enkulu okanye xa umthamo wegazi ofunekayo udlula oko ityhubhu yokuqokelela eqhelekileyo inokusingatha. Ezi ngxowa zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwiibhanki zegazi kunye nokuqokelela igazi zonyango, njenge-plasmapheresis.
Izinto eziluncedo:
Umthamo omkhulu: Inokuqokelela kakhulu igazi elingaphezulu kuneetyhubhu eziqhelekileyo.
Amagumbi amaninzi: Ezinye iingxowa zineendawo zokwahlula iinxalenye zegazi (umz., iplasma, iiseli ezibomvu, iiplatelet) ukwenzela unyango olukhethekileyo.
Ukulula kwezothutho: Ubume obuguquguqukayo beengxowa buvumela ukuba zigcinwe lula kwaye zihanjiswe.
Ukusetyenziswa:
Iinaliti zebhabhathane, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziiseti zokufakela ezinamaphiko, zisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela igazi kwimithambo ekunzima ukufikelela kuyo, njengemithambo emincinci okanye imithambo kwizigulana zabantwana okanye ezigugileyo.
Inaliti ifakwe kwi-flexible "amaphiko" anceda ukuzinzisa ngexesha lenkqubo.
Izinto eziluncedo:
Ukuthuthuzela: Uyilo lunceda ukunciphisa intlungu kunye nokungonwabi, ngakumbi kwizigulane ezinemithambo ebuthathaka.
Ukuchaneka: Inaliti yebhabhathane inika ulawulo ngakumbi kunye nokuchaneka ekufikeleleni kwimithambo.
Ukuguquguquka: Kukulungele ukunyuswa kwexesha elifutshane okanye ukutsalwa kwegazi.
Isigulana esinobuhlobo: Igqwesile kubantwana okanye izigulana ezisele zikhulile, njengoko inciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlatywa kwemithambo kwaye inciphise ukwenzakala.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokuqokelela igazi kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthuthuzeleka kwesigulane, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuchaneka kweziphumo zokuxilonga. Ngelixa izixhobo ezifana neenaliti kunye neesirinji, iilancets,kunye neenaliti zebhabhathane zikhethwa ngokukhululeka kwazo kunye nokuthembeka, iibhubhu zokuqokelela igazi kunye neengxowa zibonelela ngezakhono ezongezelelweyo zokuphatha iisampuli ezinkulu okanye iimfuno ezithile zeklinikhi.
Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zixhobo kunceda abaqeqeshi bezempilo bakhethe olona khetho lufanelekileyo ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zesigulana kunye novavanyo olwenziwayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-05-2025