Ngokuqhambuka kwenguqu entsha yetekhnoloji yehlabathi, ishishini lezonyango liye latshintsha ngendlela entsha. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, phantsi kwemvelaphi yokwaluphala kwehlabathi kunye nokwanda kwemfuno yabantu yeenkonzo zonyango ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, iirobhothi zonyango zinokuwuphucula ngempumelelo umgangatho weenkonzo zonyango kwaye zinciphise ingxaki yokungoneli kwezixhobo zonyango, nto leyo eye yatsala ingqalelo ebanzi kwaye yaba yindawo ephambili yophando lwangoku.
Ingcamango yeerobhothi zonyango
I-Medical Robot sisixhobo esiqokelela iinkqubo ezihambelanayo ngokweemfuno zecandelo lezonyango, size senze izenzo ezithile kwaye siguqule izenzo zibe yintshukumo yendlela yokusebenza ngokwemeko yokwenyani.
Ilizwe lethu linika ingqalelo enkulu kuphando nophuhliso lweerobhothi zonyango. Uphando, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweerobhothi zonyango kudlala indima entle ekunciphiseni ukwaluphala kwelizwe lethu kunye nesidingo sabantu esikhula ngokukhawuleza seenkonzo zonyango ezisemgangathweni.
Kurhulumente, ekhuthaza ngenkuthalo uphuhliso lweerobhothi zonyango, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphucula inqanaba lesayensi netekhnoloji yelizwe lethu, ukudala inqanaba lokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, kunye nokutsala iitalente zesayensi netekhnoloji eziphezulu.
Kumashishini, iirobhothi zonyango okwangoku ziyindawo ethandwayo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye amathuba emarike abanzi. Uphando nophuhliso lweerobhothi zonyango ngamashishini lunokuphucula kakhulu inqanaba lobugcisa kunye nokukhuphisana kwimarike kwamashishini.
Ukusuka kumntu, iirobhothi zonyango zinokubonelela abantu ngezisombululo zonyango nezempilo ezichanekileyo, ezisebenzayo nezilungiselelwe umntu ngamnye, ezinokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wobomi babantu.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeerobhothi zonyango
Ngokwengxelo yohlalutyo lwezibalo lweerobhothi zonyango yi-International Federation of Robotics (IFR), iirobhothi zonyango zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezine ezilandelayo ngokwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo:iirobhothi zotyando,iirobhothi zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, iirobhothi zeenkonzo zonyango kunye neerobhothi zoncedo lwezonyango.Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga ezivela kwiQianzhan Industry Research Institute, ngo-2019, iirobhothi zokuvuselela zazibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwisabelo semarike seerobhothi zonyango ngama-41%, iirobhothi zoncedo lwezonyango zazingama-26%, kwaye umlinganiselo weerobhothi zeenkonzo zonyango kunye neerobhothi zotyando wawungahlukanga kangako. 17% kunye ne-16% ngokulandelelana.
Irobhothi yotyando
Iirobhothi zotyando zidibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zanamhlanje, kwaye zaziwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kushishino lweerobhothi. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iirobhothi, iirobhothi zotyando zineempawu zomgangatho ophezulu wobugcisa, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye nexabiso elongezelelekileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iirobhothi zotyando kunye nezotyando lwemithambo-luvo zeerobhothi zotyando zineempawu ezicacileyo zokudibanisa uphando lweshishini-iyunivesithi, kwaye inani elikhulu leziphumo zophando lwesayensi litshintshiwe kwaye lisetyenziswa. Okwangoku, iirobhothi zotyando zisetyenzisiwe kwi-orthopedics, neurosurgery, heart disease, gynecology kunye nezinye iindlela zotyando eTshayina.
Imarike yerobhothi yotyando engaphantsi kakhulu eTshayina isalawulwa ziirobhothi ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe. Irobhothi yotyando yaseDa Vinci okwangoku yeyona robhothi yotyando ephumelele kakhulu, kwaye ibikhokela kwimarike yerobhothi yotyando ukusukela oko yaqinisekiswa yi-US FDA ngo-2000.
Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji, iirobhothi zotyando zikhokelela utyando olungenabungozi kangako kwixesha elitsha, kwaye imakethi ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwedatha yeTrend Force, ubungakanani bemakethi yeerobhothi zotyando ezikude kwihlabathi liphela yayimalunga ne-US $3.8 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2016, kwaye iya kunyuka iye kwi-US $9.3 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2021, kunye nezinga lokukhula elidibeneyo le-19.3%.
Irobhothi yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo
Njengoko imeko yokwaluphala ikhula kwihlabathi liphela, imfuno yabantu yeenkonzo zonyango ezisemgangathweni ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umsantsa phakathi kokunikezelwa kunye nemfuno yeenkonzo zonyango uyaqhubeka nokukhula. Irobhothi yokuvuselela okwangoku yeyona nkqubo yerobhothi inkulu kwimarike yasekhaya. Isabelo sayo semarike sidlule kakhulu kunerobhothi zotyando. Umda wayo wobugcisa kunye neendleko ziphantsi kunerobhothi zotyando. Ngokwemisebenzi yayo, inokwahlulwahlulwa ibeiirobhothi ze-exoskeletonkwayeiirobhothi zoqeqesho lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
Iirobhothi ze-exoskeleton zabantu zidibanisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana nokuva, ukulawula, ulwazi, kunye nekhompyutha yeselula ukubonelela abaqhubi ngesakhiwo somatshini esinxitywayo esenza irobhothi ikwazi ukuzimela okanye ukunceda izigulana kwimisebenzi edibeneyo kunye nokuncedisa ukuhamba.
Irobhothi yoqeqesho lokuvuselela umzimba luhlobo lwerobhothi yezonyango enceda izigulana kuqeqesho lokuvuselela umzimba kwangethuba. Iimveliso zayo ziquka irobhothi yokuvuselela amalungu angasentla, irobhothi yokuvuselela amalungu asezantsi, isitulo esinamavili esikrelekrele, irobhothi yoqeqesho lwezempilo olusebenzisanayo, njl. Imarike ephezulu yeerobhothi zoqeqesho lokuvuselela umzimba zasekhaya ilawulwa ziimpawu zaseYurophu naseMelika ezifana ne-United States neSwitzerland, kwaye amaxabiso ahlala ephezulu.
Irobhothi yenkonzo yezonyango
Xa kuthelekiswa neerobhothi zotyando kunye neerobhothi zokuvuselela, iirobhothi zeenkonzo zonyango zinomlinganiselo ophantsi wobugcisa, zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lezonyango, kwaye zinamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, ukubonisana nge-telemedicine, ukhathalelo lwezigulane, ukubulala iintsholongwane esibhedlele, uncedo kwizigulana ezinokuhamba okulinganiselweyo, ukuhanjiswa kwee-odolo zelebhu, njl. E-China, iinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-HKUST Xunfei kunye ne-Cheetah Mobile zihlola uphando ngeerobhothi zeenkonzo zonyango ezikrelekrele.
Irobhothi yoncedo lwezonyango
Iirobhothi zoncedo lwezonyango zisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zonyango zabantu abangakwaziyo ukuhamba okanye abangakwaziyo ukusebenza. Umzekelo, iirobhothi zokonga eziphuhliswe kwamanye amazwe ziquka irobhothi yendoda ethi “care-o-bot-3″ eJamani, kunye nethi “Rober” kunye nethi “Resyone” eziphuhliswe eJapan. Zinokwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, ngokulinganayo nabasebenzi abaninzi bokonga, kwaye zinokuthetha nabantu, zinike intuthuzelo yeemvakalelo kubantu abadala abahlala bodwa.
Umzekelo, uphando nophuhliso lwerobhothi ezisebenzisanayo zasekhaya lujolise kakhulu kushishino lobudlelwane babantwana kunye nemfundo yabantwana abancinci. Elimeleyo yi-"ibotn Children's Companion Robot" eyenziwe yiShenzhen Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., edibanisa imisebenzi emithathu ephambili yokhathalelo lwabantwana, ubudlelwane babantwana kunye nemfundo yabantwana. Konke kwinto enye, ukudala isisombululo esinye sobudlelwane babantwana.
Ithemba lophuhliso lweshishini leerobhothi zonyango laseTshayina
Itekhnoloji:Iindawo eziphambili zophando kwishishini leerobhothi zonyango ziinkalo ezintlanu: uyilo lokwenza ngcono irobhothi, iteknoloji yokuhamba ngotyando, iteknoloji yokudibanisa inkqubo, iteknoloji yokunxibelelana ngocingo kunye notyando olukude, kunye neteknoloji yokudibanisa idatha enkulu kwi-intanethi yezonyango. Inkqubela phambili yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kukuchwephesha, ubukrelekrele, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezincinci, ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokugcinwa kude. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukuphucula rhoqo ukuchaneka, ukungenelela okuncinci, ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kweerobhothi.
Imakethi:Ngokwesibikezelo se-World Health Organisation, ukwaluphala kwabantu baseTshayina kuya kuba kubi kakhulu ngo-2050, kwaye ama-35% abantu baya kuba ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Iirobhothi zonyango zinokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo iimpawu zezigulane, zinciphise iimpazamo zokusebenza ngesandla, kwaye ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwezonyango, ngaloo ndlela zisombulula ingxaki yokungonelanga kobonelelo lweenkonzo zonyango zasekhaya, kwaye zibe nethuba elihle lokuthengisa. UYang Guangzhong, ingcali yezemfundo yeRoyal Academy of Engineering, ukholelwa ukuba iirobhothi zonyango okwangoku zezona ndawo zithembisayo kwimarike yeerobhothi zasekhaya. Lilonke, phantsi koxinzelelo oluphakathi lokubonelela ngezidingo, iirobhothi zonyango zaseTshayina ziya kuba nendawo enkulu yokukhula kwemarike kwixesha elizayo.
Iitalente:Inkqubo yophando nophuhliso lweerobhothi zonyango ibandakanya ulwazi lwezonyango, isayensi yekhompyutha, isayensi yedatha, i-biomechanics kunye nezinye izifundo ezinxulumene noko, kwaye imfuno yeetalente ezahlukeneyo ezineemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo ingxamisekile ngakumbi. Ezinye iikholeji kunye neeyunivesithi nazo ziqalile ukongeza izifundo eziphambili ezinxulumene noko kunye namaqonga ophando lwesayensi. Umzekelo, ngoDisemba ka-2017, iYunivesithi yeZothutho yaseShanghai yaseka iMedical Robot Research Institute; ngo-2018, iYunivesithi yaseTianjin yakhokela ekunikezeni izifundo eziphambili ze-"Intelligent Medical Engineering"; Izifundo eziphambili zamkelwe, kwaye iTshayina yaba lilizwe lokuqala kwihlabathi ukuseka izifundo ezizodwa ze-undergraduate major ukuqeqesha iitalente zobunjineli bokuvuselela.
Inkxaso-mali:Ngokwezibalo, ekupheleni kuka-2019, bekukho iziganeko zokuxhasa ngemali ezili-112 kwicandelo leerobhothi zonyango. Inqanaba lokuxhasa ngemali ligxile kakhulu kumjikelo we-A. Ngaphandle kweenkampani ezimbalwa ezinemali enye engaphezulu kwe-100 yezigidi zeeyuan, uninzi lweeprojekthi zerobhothi zonyango zinesixa-mali esinye se-10 yezigidi zeeyuan, kwaye isixa-mali seeprojekthi ze-angel round sisasazwa phakathi kwe-1 yezigidi zeeyuan kunye ne-10 yezigidi zeeyuan.
Okwangoku, kukho iinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezisaqala iirobhothi zonyango eTshayina, ezinye zazo ziyinkqubo yemizi-mveliso yeerobhothi zoshishino okanye iinkampani zezixhobo zonyango. Kwaye iinkunzi ezinkulu ezidumileyo ezifana neZhenFund, IDG Capital, TusHoldings Fund, kunye neGGV Capital sele ziqalile ukusasaza nokukhawulezisa isantya sazo kwicandelo leerobhothi zonyango. Uphuhliso lweshishini leerobhothi zonyango lufikile kwaye luza kuqhubeka.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Jan-06-2023